KӦHLER Membrane Elements
KӦHLER Spiral wounded membranes with different sheets are used to make wide-range of membranes with different specifications and classifications as following categories.
To get detailed information please click on each title :
A. KӦHLER Industrial RO Membrane Elements
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a semipermeable membrane to separate ions, unwanted molecules and larger particles from drinking water. In reverse osmosis, an applied pressure is used to overcome osmotic pressure, a colligative property that is driven by chemical potential differences of the solvent, a thermodynamic parameter.
Reverse osmosis can remove many types of dissolved and suspended chemical species as well as biological ones (principally bacteria) from water. The result is that the solute is retained on the pressurized side of the membrane and the pure solvent is allowed to pass to the other side. To be "selective", this membrane should not allow large molecules or ions through the pores (holes), but should allow smaller components of the solution (such as solvent molecules, e.g., water, H2O) to pass freely.
According to the pressure needed, particles quantity ,chemical properties of the solvent and other different situation,KӦHLER has developed different types of RO membranes optimizing membranes efficacy.
KӦHLER LP series:
(Low Pressure RO Membrane Elements)
KӦHLER LP series , low pressure aromatic polyamide RO elements developed by KӦHLER for brackish water treatment. It is characterized by low operating pressure, high permeate flow and excellent separation efficiency in the removal of soluble salts, TOC, SiO2, etc.
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Application
The KӦHLER LP series elements are typically suitable for the treatment of brackish water, surface water, groundwater and municipal water with a TDS less than 10000ppm. It is mainly used to produce various amounts of bottled water, drinking water, industrially used pure water, ultrapure water, boiler refill water, as well as waste water reuse, material concentration, purification and refining particularly for the treatment of high-purity water in the electronics and energy industries.
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KӦHLER LP series Membrane Elements Table
KӦHLER ULP series:
(Ultra Low Pressure RO Membrane Elements)
KӦHLER ULP series , aromatic polyamide ultra-low pressure RO elements developed by KӦHLER for surface water and groundwater treatment. Its working pressure is about 2/3 of the low pressure membranes, and the rejection rate can reach 99.5%. Thus, associated pumps, piping, tanks and other equipments and the running cost of the RO system would be reduced, and the economic benefits would be enhanced.
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Application
The KӦHLER ULP Series RO elements typically suitable to treat surface water, groundwater and municipal water with TDS less than 2000ppm. It is mainly used in bottled water, drinking water, boiler refill water, food processing and pharmaceutical industry and other fields.
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KӦHLER ULP series Membrane Elements Table
KӦHLER XLP series:
(Extra Low Pressure RO Membrane Elements)
KӦHLER XLP series , ultra-low pressure aromatic polyamide RO elements developed by KӦHLER for surface water and groundwater treatment with working pressure about 1/2 of the low pressure membranes . The rejection rate can reach 98%. Thus, the associated pumps, piping, tanks and other equipments and the running cost of the RO system would be reduced, and the economic benefits will be enhanced.
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Application
The KӦHLER XLP Series RO elements are typically suitable to treat surface water, groundwater and municipal water with a TDS less than 1000ppm. It is particularly useful for the second pass of a two pass RO system.
It is mainly used in bottled water, drinking water, boiler refill water, food processing and pharmaceutical industry and so on.
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KӦHLER XLP series Membrane Elements Table
KӦHLER SW series:
(Sea Water RO Membrane Elements)
KӦHLER SW series , aromatic polyamide seawater RO elements developed by KӦHLER for seawater desalination process with low operating pressure, lower investment in equipment , optimum desalination performance and stability.
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Application
The KӦHLER SW series membrane elements are generally suitable for high concentration sea water and brackish water treatment.
Seawater desalination, desalination of high concentration brackish water, boiler make-up water in power plants, waste water reuse, concentration and recovery of high value-added substances such as food and pharmaceuticals, are some of it’s fields of activity.
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KӦHLER SW series Membrane Elements Table
KӦHLER HOR series:
(High Oxidation Resistant RO Membrane Elements)
KӦHLER HOR series , High Oxidation Resistant RO element ,a new aromatic polyamide composite membrane developed by KӦHLER , which has the characteristics of low operating pressure, high permeate flux and excellent performance.
By using the special synthesis process, the antioxidant properties of the membrane components have been enhanced, allowing it to resist the influence of a certain amount of oxidizing substances, thereby simplifying and optimizing the pre-treatment of the RO system. The process reduces biofouling of the membrane element, saving operating costs and extending service life.
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Application
The KӦHLER HOR series RO element is suitable for surface water, groundwater and municipal water treatment with TDS less than 10000ppm particularly suitable for the reuse of municipal and industrial treated water, the treatment of electroplating waste water, and the treatment of water resources containing biological pollution and oxidizing substances.
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KӦHLER HOR series Membrane Elements Table
B. KӦHLER Ultrafiltration Membrane Elements (UF Series)
KӦHLER UF Series , ultrafiltration membrane is made out of spiral wound polyethersulfone membrane elements developed by KӦHLER with characteristics of high heat resistance and chemical stability, uniform pore size, and high molecular cut-off accuracy. Using rotary welding process, ensures very low flow resistance and high durability of the membrane element.
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Application
KӦHLER UF Series membranes can effectively remove macromolecular organics, viruses, pigments, proteins, polysaccharides and other macromolecular substances, as well as water. It can also be used to separate different molecular weight materials to achieve the purpose
of dechlorination, purification and separation and concentration.
KӦHLER UF series are widely used in ultrapure water treatment necessary in electronic industries, drinking water, municipal water and various industrial waters, pretreatment of RO systems, and the separation and concentration of materials in the biochemical and food industries.
The KӦHLER UF Series is mainly used for the separation and concentration of certain materials with molecular weight cutoffs at 4K, 6K, 8K, 10K, 20K, 67K DA.
The KӦHLER UF Series utilizes 31, 46 and 90 mil food channel spacers and is preferably fitted with a fiberglass or sanitary grade housing.
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KӦHLER UF series Membrane Elements Table
c. KӦHLER Nanofiltration Membrane Elements (NF Series)
KӦHLER NF series, the nanofiltration membrane element is a pressure-driven membrane used to remove solutes with a molecular weight in the range of 200–1000 gmol−1, typically from aqueous streams such as organic substances , microorganisms, viruses and most of the divalent and polyvalent metal ions in water while retaining part of the sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions in which it is far Municipal drinking water, bottled water, food and beverage, medicine, biotechnology, environmental protection and other industries are common.
The KӦHLER NF Membrane has a liquid separation technology that shares many properties with reverse osmosis (RO). Unlike RO, which strongly repels virtually all solutes, NF offers high rejection of multivalent ions such as calcium and low rejection of monovalent ions such as chloride.
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Application
The KӦHLER NF series membrane element has good rejection rates for pesticides, herbicides, TOC and heavy metal ions. The rejection rate of VNF1 for monovalent ions is relatively low and the rejection rate of VNF2 for monovalent ions is relatively high.
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KӦHLER NF series Membrane Elements Table
